INDEX
A
- Abolitionism,
- the good American democratic view of,49;
- belief of supporters of, regarding slavery,78-79;
- a just estimate of work of, 80-81;
- perverted conception of democracy held by party of, 80-81, 86;
- baleful spirit of, inherited by Republicans, and its later effects, 95;
- was the one practical result of the struggle of American intelligence for emancipation, during the Middle Period, 422;
- strength and weakness of the intellectual ferment shown by, 423.
- Administrative reform in states, 333 ff.
- "Admirable Crichton,"
- trait of the English character illustrated by, 14.
- Africans,
- as proper subjects for colonizing, 259.
- Agricultural community,
- Agricultural laborers,
- effect of organization of labor on, 396.
- "American Farmer, Letters of an," 8-9, 10.
- Apprentices to trades, 391.
- Architects,
- Aristocracy in British political system, 231-232;
- Armies,
- Arts,
- Asiatics,
- as proper subjects for colonizing, 259.
- Association,
- Australian ballot,
- Austria,
- Austria-Hungary,
B
- Balance of Power,
- development of doctrine of, 220.
- Bank, National,
- Bank examiners,
- Birth-rate,
- lowering of, in France, 245.
- Bismarck, Otto von, 8, 242, 256;
- personal career of, 247;
- unification of Germany by, 247-249;
- course of, as Imperial Chancellor, 249 ff.;
- inheritance left to German Empire by, in the way of overbearing attitude to domestic and foreign opponents, 251;
- provoking of Germany's two wars by, was justifiable, 256;
- quoted on what constitutes the real nation, 265-266.
- "Boss,"
- the coming of the, 118-121;
- character and position of the, 122;
- dealings of, with big corporations, 122-124;
- his specialized leadership fills a real and permanent need, 124-125;
- is the unofficial ruler of his community, 125;
- is the logical outcome of a certain conception of the democratic state, 148-149;
- method proposed for destroying the, 338-341;
- Australian ballot and system of direct primaries have no injurious effect on, 341-343.
- Bourbon monarchy, the, 219-220;
- cause of downfall of, 220.
- Bryan, William J., 136, 144, 151;
- Business man,
- Butler, Nicholas Murray, quoted, 408.
C
- Cabinet, or executive council,
- Calhoun, John, a leader of the Whigs, 66-67, 79, 82.
- Canada,
- question of coöperation of, in establishment of a peaceful international system, 303-304;
- desirability of greater commercial freedom between United States and, 304-305;
- preparing the way for closer political association, 305-306;
- lines along which treaty between United States, Great Britain, and, might be made, 306.
- Carnegie, Andrew, 202, 402.
- Catholic Church,
- Central America,
- opportunity for improving international political conditions in, 303.
- Centralization,
- Chapman, John Jay, work by,
- Checks and balances,
- China, questions raised concerning American foreign policy by, 309-310.
- Christianity a common bond between early European states, 217 ff.
- Church,
- change in function of the, resulting from change in modern nations, 283.
- Cities,
- City states,
- Greek and mediæval, 215.
- Civil service reform, 143;
- Civil War,
- Class discrimination, 129, 191.
- Clay, Henry,
- Cleveland, Grover, 168.
- Colonial expansion,
- the principle of nationality not hostile to, 259;
- incompatibility of, for European powers, with aggrandizement at home, 260-262;
- not a cause of wars, but the contrary, 260-261;
- question of what are limits of a practicable, 262-263;
- is accomplishing a work without which a permanent international settlement would be impossible, 263;
- validity of, even for a democracy, 308;
- of the United States, 308-310.
- Commerce,
- Commissions,
- supervision of corporations by, 360-361;
- the objection to government by, 362;
- false principle involved in government by, in that commissions make the laws which they administer, 364;
- public ownership contrasted with government by, 366;
- the great objection to government by, in its effect on the capable industrial manager, 368.
- Communal state,
- Communities,
- Competition,
- Compromise,
- Congressional usurpation, danger to American people from, 69.
- Constabulary,
- Constitution,
- the Federal, founders of, displayed distrust of democracy, 33-34;
- despite error of Federalists, has proved an instrument capable of flexible development, 34-35;
- legal restrictions in, 35;
- defect of unmodifiability of, 36;
- on the whole a successful achievement, 36-37;
- an accomplishment of the leaders of opinion rather than of the body of the people, 38;
- sanctioning of slavery by, 72;
- power bestowed on lawyers by, 132-134;
- immutability of, regarded as a fault in the American system, 200;
- serious changes in, not to be thought of, at present, 316;
- in all respects but one is not in need of immediate amendment, 351;
- distinction made in, between state and inter-state commerce is irrelevant to real facts of industry and trade, 351-352;
- will in the end have to dispense with the distinction, 356-357.
- Constitutions of states, 119.
- Constitutional Unionists,
- Corporation lawyers, 136.
- Corporations,
- growth of big, 110-116;
- dealings between big, 113-114;
- fights between, prelude closer agreement, 114;
- decrease in wastes of competition by, 115;
- profits of, disproportionate to their services, 115;
- equivocal position in respect to the law, 115-116;
- unprecedented power wielded by, 116;
- political corruption and social disintegration the result of, 117;
- the political "Boss" and the, 122-124;
- similarities and dissimilarities of labor unions and, 130-131, 386;
- agitation against and its varying character, 143;
- Federal regulation of, advocated by W.J. Bryan, 158;
- problem of control of, 351 ff.;
- interference of state governments with railroad, insurance, and other corporations, 352-355;
- exclusive Federal control of, an essential to their proper conduct, 355-356;
- two courses that may be followed in policy of central government toward, 357;
- W.J. Bryan's suggested policy toward, 358;
- the Roosevelt-Taft programme, of recognition tempered by regulation, 358-360;
- tendency of, to substitute coöperation for competition, 359;
- supervision of, by commissions, 360-361;
- danger of impairing efficiency of, by depriving them of freedom, 362-363;
- laws which should be made for, on repeal of Sherman Anti-Trust Law, 364;
- the proposed remedy for management of, is one more way of shirking the ultimate problem, 367;
- disposal of question of excessive profits of, 370;
- state taxation of, one means of control, 370;
- American municipal policy toward public service corporations, 372-373;
- the question of public ownership, 375-379 (see Public ownership);
- necessity for uniformity in taxation of, 385.
- See Municipal corporations and Public service corporations.
- Council,
- Courts,
- failure of American criminal and civil, 318;
- protection of inter-state corporations by Federal, 355-356;
- decisions of, on labor questions, 394.
- Crèvecoeur, Hector St. John de, quoted, 8-9.
- Criminal justice,
- Criminals,
- Critics and criticism in America, 450-451;
- Crazier, John B., quoted, 15-16.
- Cuba,
- Cumberland Road, the, 67.
D
- Debt, national,
- Democracy,
- as represented by Republicans at close of Revolution, 28-29, 30-31;
- Federalists' antagonism to, 32-33;
- misfortune of founding national government on distrust of, 33-34;
- misunderstanding of, as an ideal, in 1786, 34;
- Hamilton's distrust of, 41;
- Jefferson the leader of, against Hamilton and his policies, 42-43;
- Jefferson's view of, as extreme individualism, 43;
- real policy of Jeffersonian, as revealed upon triumph of his party, 46-49;
- Jeffersonian, becomes reconciled with Federalism, 46-47;
- fifty-year sway of Jeffersonian tradition, 48;
- questionable results of triumph of Jeffersonian, 50-51;
- existence of a genuine American, proved by War of 1812, 54-55
- (see Democracy, Jacksonian);
- slavery as an institution of, 80 ff.;
- work of Abolitionists in the name of, 80-81;
- Abolitionists' perverted conception of, 80-81, 86;
- Lincoln an example of the kind of human excellence to be fashioned by, 89;
- Lincoln's realization of his ideal of a, 94;
- the labor union and the tradition of, 126 ff.;
- the American, and the social problem, 138-140;
- the ordinary conception of, as a matter of popular government, 176-180;
- the true meaning of, 176 ff.;
- and discrimination, 185-193;
- the real definition of, 207 ff.;
- a superior form of political organization in so far as liberty and equality make for human brotherhood, 207-208;
- principles of nationality and, in England, 230 ff.;
- and nationality in France, 239 ff.;
- principles of, and of nationality in America, 267 ff.;
- and peace, 308 ff.
- Democracy, Jacksonian (or Western), 52 ff.;
- suspected by Hamilton, appreciated by Jefferson, 52-53;
- disapproves Jefferson's policy of peaceful warfare, 53;
- forces Madison into second war with England, 53-54;
- the first genuinely national body of Americans, 54-55;
- characteristics of, 55-56;
- reasons for hostility of, to office-holding clique and the National Bank, 57;
- causes leading to introduction of spoils system by, 57, 59-60;
- error of views of, 60-61;
- the first body of Americans genuinely democratic in feeling, 61-62;
- the true point of view in studying the, 63-65;
- reason for triumph of, over Whigs, 69-70;
- attitude of, toward slavery, 73-74, 84;
- in 1850 Stephen A. Douglas becomes leader of, 84;
- rally to Lincoln's standard, 86;
- made to understand for the first time by Lincoln that American nationality is a living principle, 88.
- Direct primaries,
- Disarmament,
- Discrimination,
- Distribution of wealth,
- Divorces,
- the matter of, 346.
- Douglas, Stephen. A., 84-86, 281.
E
- Economic liberty of the individual, 201-206.
- Economy, national vs. international, 235.
- Education,
- chaotic condition of American system of, 318;
- opportunity for state activities concerning, 346;
- individual vs. collective, 399 ff.;
- is the real vehicle of improvement, by which the American is trained for his democracy, 400;
- American faith in, characterized by superstition, 400-402;
- popular interest in, does not give importance to the word of the educated man, 403;
- what constitutes the real education of the individual, 403-405;
- efficiency of national, similarly, depends on a nation's ability to profit by experience, 405;
- education of the individual cannot accomplish the work of collective national, 407;
- value of a reform movement for, 408;
- the work of collective, not complete in itself, but followed by certain implications, 428.
- Elzbacher, O., quoted, 235.
- Emancipation,
- Embargo,
- England,
- faith of Englishmen in, 2;
- an early example of political efficiency found in, 217;
- increase of national efficiency of, by attention strictly to her own affairs, 219;
- national development of, as contrasted with France, 220-221;
- principles of nationality and of democracy in, 230 ff.;
- national efficiency of, until recently, 231;
- aristocracy in political system of, 231-232;
- causes and remedies of loss of ground by, 232 ff.;
- the principle of compromise carried too far by aristocracy of, 234, 238;
- political and social subserviency in, resulting in political privilege and social favoritism, 236-237;
- national idea of, is a matter of freedom, 267.
- Equality,
- Equal rights,
- the Jeffersonian principle of, 44 ff.;
- tradition of, results in bosses and trusts, 148-150;
- the slogan of all parties, 151;
- Roosevelt's inconsistency on the point of, 172;
- the principle of, is the expression of an essential aspect of democracy, 180;
- insufficiency of the principle, 181;
- inequalities which have resulted from doctrine of, 182-183;
- grievances resulting from doctrine, 185;
- interference with, in Pure Food Laws, factory legislation, Inter-state Commerce Acts, etc., 191-192;
- subordinated and made helpful to the principle of human brotherhood, 207-208;
- a logical application of, would wrongly support competition against coöperation, 359.
- "Era of good feeling," 51.
- Evangelization, law of, 282.
- Executives of states,
F
- Factory legislation,
- justifiable class discrimination in, 191.
- Faguet, Emile, quoted, 193, 208.
- Farmers,
- Farming,
- Farm laborers, 396.
- Fashoda incident, 260.
- Federalism,
- at close of Revolutionary War, represented by Hamilton, 28-29;
- class which supported, 30;
- views held by supporters of, of anti-Federalists, 32-33;
- supporters of, founded national government on distrust of democracy, 33;
- error and misfortune of so doing, 33-34;
- the Hamiltonian brand of, shown in constructive legislation following framing of Constitution, 39;
- reconciliation of Republicanism and, 46-47;
- doubtful results of combination of Republicanism and, 50-51;
- Whig doctrine of Clay contrasted with Hamilton's Federalism, 52.
- Federalist, Hamilton's, quotation from, 37.
- Federalists,
- the Whigs an improvement on, 67.
- See Federalism.
- Financial policy of Hamilton, 39.
- Foreign policy,
- Foreign policy, American, 289 ff.;
- the Monroe Doctrine in, 291-297;
- of Jeffersonian Republicans, 292;
- wisdom of continued policy of isolation, 298, 310;
- correct policy would be to make American system stand for peace, 299;
- international system advocated for South and Central America, and Mexico, 300-303;
- the question of relations with Canada, 303-306;
- suggested treaty bearing on relations between United States, Canada, and Great Britain, 306;
- systematic development of, an absolute necessity, 306-307;
- colonial expansion, 308-309;
- questions of, raised by future of China, 309-310;
- isolation of United States is only comparative, under modern conditions, 310.
- Fortunes,
- France,
- faith of Frenchmen in, 2;
- origins of national state in, 218, 219;
- effect of Revolution on national principle in, 223-224;
- lack of representative institutions a defect in its government to-day, 228;
- democracy and nationality in, 239 ff.;
- a Republic proved to be best form of government for, 241-242;
- democracy not thoroughly nationalized in, 242-243;
- economic problem in, 244-245;
- lack of national spirit in official domestic policy, 243-244;
- failure of, as a colonial power as long as striving for European aggrandizement, 261;
- national idea of, is democratic but is rendered difficult and its value limited, 268.
- Franchises,
- Freedom,
- Free trade in Great Britain, 234.
- French Revolution, the, 222 ff.
G
- Garrison, William Lloyd,
- George, Henry, Jr., cited, 151.
- Germany,
- effect of religious wars and lack of national policy in, during early development, 219;
- nationality in, increased after Napoleon, 225;
- outstripping of England by, industrially, 232, 233;
- relation between democracy and nationality in, 246 ff.;
- system of protection, state ownership of railways, improvement in farming, etc., 250;
- result of "paternalism" has been industrial expansion surpassing other European states, 250-251;
- position of, not so high as ten years ago, 251;
- the Social Democrats, 251-252;
- dubious international standing of, 252-253;
- is the power which has most to gain from a successful war, 252-253;
- is the cause of a better understanding between England, France, and Russia, 253-254;
- effect of success or failure of foreign policy on domestic policy, 254;
- further consideration of international position of, and bearing on disarmament question, 256-259;
- colonial expansion of, despite her expectation of European aggrandizement, 261;
- danger of this policy, 261-262;
- national idea of, turns upon the principle of official leadership toward a goal of national greatness, 267-268.
- Governors of states, 119;
- Great Britain,
- Hamilton, Alexander,
- doctrines of, versus those of Jefferson, 28-29, 45-46, 153;
- insight and energy of, saved states from disunion, 37;
- quoted on the Constitution, 37;
- importance of work of, in constructive legislation, 38-39;
- broad view taken by, of governmental functions, 39-40;
- doubtful theory of, regarding national debt, 40-41;
- reasons for loss of popularity and influence of, 41-42;
- philosophy of, concerning liberty and the method of protecting it, 44;
- Roosevelt's improvement on principle of, 169;
- adaptability of doctrines of, to democracy without injury to themselves, 214;
- foreign policy of, 289-290, 292-293.
- Harriman, Edward, 202.
- Hearst, William R., 136, 151, 155;
- Heresies of American Middle Period, and sterile results of, 422-426.
- Hill, James J., 202.
- Hodder, Alfred, quoted, 144, 160, 162.
- Holland,
- possible incorporation of, with German Empire, 253.
- Holy Alliance,
- Home rule, municipal, 347-350.
- "House of Governors," proposed, 347.
- Howe, Frederic C., 151.
- Hughes, Governor, 135.
- Human brotherhood,
I
- Ideal,
- Income taxation, 384-385.
- Individual emancipation,
- Individualism,
- found in both Federalists and Republicans at close of Revolution, 32;
- free play allowed to, through triumph of Jefferson and defeat of Hamilton, 49;
- attitude of the pioneer Western Democrat toward, 64-65;
- disappearance of political, in the machine, 117-125;
- encouragement of, and restriction of central authority, result in the "Boss" and the "tainted" millionaire, 148-149;
- abandonment of the Jeffersonian conception of, necessary for real reform, 152-154;
- in education, as opposed to collective education, 399-409;
- damage to American individuality from existing system of economic, 409 ff.;
- method of exercising influence of, on behalf of social amelioration, 441 ff.
- Individuality,
- place of, in Middle West of pioneer days, 63-65;
- disappearance of, in work of the specialist in later development of the country, 102-103;
- injury to, from, existing system of economic individualism, 409-410;
- real meaning of, and of individual independence, 410 ff.;
- question of how a democratic nation can contribute to increase of, 413.
- Industrial corporations,
- regulation, of, 378-379.
- See Corporations.
- Industrial legislation,
- class discrimination in, 191.
- Inheritance tax,
- Inheritors of fortunes, 204, 382-384.
- Initiative,
- movement in favor of, in state governments, 320.
- Insane asylums,
- improvement of, as a function of the state, 345.
- Institutional reform, 315 ff.
- Insurance companies,
- attempted regulation of, by various state governments, 355.
- Internal improvements,
- International relations of European states, 254-264.
- International socialism, a mistake, 210-211.
- International system,
- Inter-state commerce,
- Inter-state Commerce Law, 112-113;
- an example of class legislation, 191.
- Isolation,
- Italy,
- national feeling in, after Napoleonic epoch, 225.
J
- Jackson, Andrew,
- the Democracy of, 52;
- quarrelsome spirit of, contrasted with Lincoln's magnanimity, 96.
- See Democracy, Jacksonian.
- Jefferson, Thomas,
- doctrines of, versus those of Hamilton, 28-29;
- as leader of the democracy the opponent of Hamilton, 42;
- foreign policy of, 42, 53, 290, 292;
- view of democracy as extreme individualism, 43;
- stress laid by, on equality, 43-44;
- sacrifice of liberty for equality by, 44-45;
- fundamental difference between Hamilton and, 45-46;
- conduct of, on assumption of power, 46-47;
- Democracy of Jackson contrasted with Republicanism of, 52;
- mutual appreciation of Western pioneer Democrats and, 52-53;
- traces of work of, found in failure of Whigs against Jacksonian Democrats, 71;
- wherein Lincoln differed from, 95;
- necessity of transformation of doctrines of, before they can be nationalized, 153, 214;
- theory and practice of, contrasted with Roosevelt's theory and practice, 170;
- an example of triumphant intellectual dishonesty, 419.
- Jerome, William Travers,
- Jesus,
- intention of, in preaching non-resistance, 282.
- Judges,
- Justice,
L
- Labor problem, the, 385-398.
- Labor unions, 126 ff., 385 ff.;
- danger from aggressive and unscrupulous unionism, 128-129;
- revolutionary purpose of, in demanding class discrimination, 129-130;
- parallelism between big corporations and, 130, 386;
- divergence from corporations, 131;
- legal recognition of, demanded, and discrimination in their favor by the state, 386-387;
- economic and social amelioration of laboring class by, 387;
- association of laborers in, a necessity under present conditions, and the non-union man a species of industrial derelict, 387-389;
- conditions to which unions should conform, 390-391;
- the correct policy towards, 390;
- preference to be given to, by state and municipal governments, but discrimination to be made between "bad" and "good" unions, 394;
- effect of proposed constructive organization of, on non-union laborers, 395;
- on farm laborers, 396.
- Latin-American states,
- Law,
- Lawyers,
- Legislative organization,
- "Letters of an American Farmer," 8-9, 10.
- Liberty,
- Hamilton's theory concerning, as contrasted with Jeffersonian Democrats', 44-45;
- bearing of worship of so-called, on behavior of factions at time of slavery crisis, 79;
- responsibility of a democracy for personal, 193 ff.;
- economic, of the individual, 201-206;
- subordinated and made helpful to the principle of human brotherhood, 207-208.
- Liberty and union,
- Life insurance companies,
- attempted regulation of, by various state governments, 355.
- Lincoln, Abraham,
- first appearance of, in debates with Douglas, 85-86;
- service of, in seeing straighter and thinking harder than did his contemporaries, 87;
- makes the Western Democracy understand for the first time that American nationality is a living principle, 88;
- peculiar service rendered by and wherein his greatness lay, 88-89;
- the personal worth of, 89;
- early career and surroundings of, 89-90;
- wherein he differed from the average Western Democrat, 90-91;
- training and development of his intellect, 91-92;
- further consideration of his character, 94 ff.;
- contrasted with Jefferson, 95;
- with Garrison, 95, 427;
- with Jackson, 96;
- necessity for emphasis of the difference between, and his contemporary fellow-countrymen, 98-99;
- national intellectual and moral stature of, 427.
- Low, Seth, as a reformer, 143.
- Lynching,
M
- Machinery,
- place of, in American economic development, 108.
- Machines, political, 117 ff.;
- McClellan, George B.,
- as a reformer, 143.
- Madison, James,
- Manufacturing,
- Hamilton's policy in encouraging, 39.
- Merit system in offices, 143;
- Mexico,
- coöperation, of, in establishment of stable international system, 303.
- Middle Ages,
- Middle class,
- Militarism and nationality, 254 ff.
- Millionaire,
- the "tainted," a result of extreme individualism, 149.
- "Money Power,"
- Jacksonian Democracy's attitude toward, 59.
- Monopolies,
- suggested measures against, in municipalities, 374.
- Monroe Doctrine, the, 290 ff.;
- accepted as the corollary of policy contained in Washington's Farewell Address, 291;
- the American retort to the Holy Alliance, 291-292;
- American democratic idea converted into a dangerously aggressive principle by, 293-294;
- results to United States of attempting to enforce, 296-297;
- implies an incompatibility between American and European institutions which does not exist, 297;
- continued adherence to, will involve United States in fruitless wars, 299-300;
- necessity of forestalling inevitable future objections to, 307.
- Morgan, J. Pierpont, 202.
- Mugwumps, 141.
- Muirhead, James, quoted, 18-19.
- Municipal corporations, relations of state governments to, 347-348.
- Municipal reform, 143.
- See Cities.
- Münsterberg, Hugo, quoted, 3.
N
- Napoleon, 224, 225, 259.
- National Bank, the, 39, 57-58, 68.
- Nationality,
- slavery and American, 72 ff.;
- proposed doing away with, by international socialism, a mistake, 210-211;
- origins of the modern system, 215 ff.;
- development of principle of, in European states, 215-221;
- efficiency resulting from, but also abuses, 221-222;
- creed of French Revolutionists inimical to spirit of, 222-223;
- increased force of principle, resulting from abuses of French under Napoleon, 225;
- bearing of Treaty of Vienna and political system of the Holy Alliance on, 225-226;
- true meaning of, first understood after revolutionary epoch of 1848, 226-230;
- no universal and perfect machinery for securing, experience shows, 229-230;
- relation between principles of, and principles of democracy, 230;
- principle of, and of democracy, in England, 230 ff.;
- democracy and, in France, 239 ff.;
- relation between democracy and, in Germany, 246 ff.;
- schism created in German, by the Social Democrats, 251;
- militarism and, 254 ff.;
- colonial expansion is proper to principle of, 259;
- international relations a condition of, 263-264;
- important position of tradition in principle of, 265-266;
- principles of, and of democracy, in America, 267 ff.;
- and centralization, 272-279.
- Nationalization,
- meaning of process of, 274.
- Non-interference,
- Non-resistance,
- doctrine of, not meant for this world, 282.
- Non-union laborers, 387-389;
- effect on, of proposed constructive organization of labor, 395.
O
- Old age pensions in England, 239.
- Opportunity,
- necessity of enjoyment of, by individuals, 203.
- Order,
- Oregon,
- the initiative in, 328.
- Ore lands,
- lease of, to United States Steel Corporation, 114.
P
- Pan-Americanism, 313-314.
- Parker, Alton B., 163.
- Paternalism, German, 250.
- Patriotism,
- Peace,
- democracy and, 308 ff.
- Pensions,
- Philippines,
- Poland,
- partition of, 222.
- Police force,
- Political specialist.
- See "Boss."
- Politics,
- Popular sovereignty,
- Stephen A. Douglas's theory of, 84-86;
- criticism of democracy defined as, 176-178;
- principle of, as represented by French Revolutionaries, 223-224;
- principle of national sovereignty not to be confused with, 265-266;
- the essential condition of democracy, 269-270;
- definition of the phrase, 279 ff.;
- is equivalent for Americans to the phrase "national Sovereignty," 280;
- misconceptions of, notably Douglas's error, 281.
- Porto Rico,
- relations between United States and, 308.
- Poverty,
- as a social danger in a democratic state, 205.
- Prisons,
- improvement of, as a function of the state, 345.
- Profits of corporations,
- disposal of question of excessive, 370.
- Property,
- preservation of institution of private, 209.
- Protection,
- Public ownership, 366-367;
- Public Service Commissions of New York State, 360-361;
- principal objection to, 368.
- Public service corporations holding municipal franchises,
- should be subject to cities only, 349;
- municipal policy toward, 372-373.
- Pure Food Bill,
- class discrimination in, 191.
- Railroads,
- conditions of growth of American, 109;
- the granting of rebates by, 110-111;
- public ownership of, advocated by W.J. Bryan, 158;
- state ownership of, in Prussia, 250;
- constructive organization of, in United States, 351 ff.;
- domination of, in politics of states, 352-353;
- undesirability of state supervision of, and danger to roads themselves, 353-354;
- ignorant and unwise legislation by states concerning, 354-355;
- substitution of control of central government for state control, 356-357;
- policy to be followed by central government toward 357 ff.;
- law should be passed providing for agreements between roads, and mergers, 364-305;
- freedom should be left to, to make rates and schedules, and develop their traffic, 365-366;
- public ownership of, 366;
- regulation of, by Federal commissions a doubtful step, 360-363, 368;
- process of combination among, and results, 375-376;
- value of monopoly possessed by, could be secured to the community by Federal government taking possession of terminals, right of way, tracks, and stations, 376-377;
- the alternative plan, of government appropriation of roads, and its working out, 377-378.
- See Corporations.
- Real estate tax, 385.
- Rebates, 109, 110-113, 357.
- Recall,
- Referendum,
- Reform,
- course of the movement, 141-142;
- variety in kinds of, 142-143;
- variety found in exponents of, 143-144;
- function of, according to the reformers, 144-145;
- disappointment of hopes for, and reasons, 145-147;
- a better understanding of meaning of, and of the function of reformers, necessary to successful correction of abuses, 147;
- causes of need for, 148-150;
- wrong conceptions of, and intellectual awakening essential for, 150;
- true methods for accomplishing, 152-154;
- state institutional, 315 ff.;
- policy of drift should not be allowed in, 315-316;
- state administrative, 333 ff.;
- impossibility of accomplishing, by Australian ballot, direct primary system, and similar devices, 341-343;
- direct practical value of a movement for, may be surpassed by its indirect educational value, 408.
- Reich, Emil, quoted, 1.
- Religious wars,
- bearing of, on national development of European states, 219.
- Republicanism,
- represented by Jefferson, 28-29, 30, 31;
- identified with political disorder and social instability by Federalists, 32-33;
- opposition of, to Federalism as represented by Hamilton, 42-46;
- alliance of Federalists and party of, 46-47;
- effects of combination, 50-51;
- Jefferson's Republicanism contrasted with Jackson's Democracy, 52;
- views held by supporters of, on slavery question, 78.
- Republican party,
- Revolutions,
- question of, 210.
- Rockefeller, John D., 111-112, 114, 115.
- Roman Empire, the, 216.
- Roosevelt, Theodore, 86, 136, 155;
- as a reformer, 142, 167;
- nationalization of reform by, 168-170;
- policy of, compared with Hamiltonian creed, 169;
- theory and practice of, contrasted with Jefferson's, 170;
- the rescue of the Republican party by, 171;
- vulnerability of, on the point of equal rights, 172;
- has really been building better than he knew or will admit, 173-174;
- criticism of, as a national reformer, 174-175.
- Roosevelt-Taft programme, of recognition of corporations,
- Root, Elihu, 135;
- international system indicated by, 301.
- Russia,
S
- Saloon licenses, 385.
- Santayana, George, quoted, 454.
- Scientists,
- methods of, a perfect type of authoritative technical methods, 434.
- Sherman Anti-Trust Law,
- Slaveholders,
- Slavery,
- effect of introduction of factor of, on Democrats and Whigs, 72;
- sanctioned by the Constitution, and results, 72-73;
- attitude of the two political parties toward, 73-74;
- shirking of the question, and compromises, 74;
- brings out inconsistency of alliance between Jeffersonian democracy and American nationality as embodied in Constitutional Union, 75;
- Webster's attitude on the question, 75-77;
- American people separated into five parties by, 77;
- attitude of Constitutional Unionists toward, 78;
- beliefs of Abolitionists, Southern Democrats, Northern Democrats, and Republicans, 78-79;
- body of public opinion looking to de-nationalizing slavery, which was organized into the Republican party, 83-84.
- Smythe, William, 151.
- Social Democrats,
- party of, in Germany, 251.
- Socialism,
- Socialists,
- doctrine preached by extreme, in France, 243.
- Social problem,
- South America,
- Spain,
- Specialization,
- contempt for, in Middle West of pioneer days, 63-65;
- necessity for, resulting from industrial development, 102-103;
- of the American business man, 105 ff., 117;
- of the politician, 117 ff.;
- labor unions a decisive instance of, 126 ff.;
- among lawyers, 134-135;
- regarded as a revolt from the national democratic tradition, 138-139;
- perils of, to American social organization, 139;
- part to be played in individual emancipation by, 427-441.
- Spoils system,
- "Square deal," Roosevelt's, 20, 151, 172.
- Standard of living,
- Standard Oil Company,
- attempted regulation of, by various states, 355.
- Standards,
- State,
- State governments,
- reorganization of, in democratic spirit, after Revolutionary War, 31;
- lack of success of American, 317;
- failure of criminal and civil courts, 318;
- chaotic condition of tax systems and educational systems, 318-319;
- incompetent and frequently dishonest financial and economic legislation, 319;
- fault lies partly in existing standards of morality, but in part also is result of unwise organization, 319;
- demand for reorganization of, 319-320;
- movement in favor of initiative and referendum in, 320, 327-328;
- wrong diagnosis of causes of legislative corruption and incompetence, 320-321;
- reasons for failure of, 321 ff.;
- disadvantages of system of checks and balances in, 323-324;
- failure of, to be imputed chiefly to lack of a centralized responsible organization, 324;
- improvement in legislatures necessary, 326-329;
- plan suggested for improvement of, 328-331;
- administrative reform in, 333 ff.;
- maintenance of order by, 344;
- reorganization of criminal laws by, 344-345;
- improvement of prisons and insane asylums by, 345;
- possible activities of, in relation to labor, educational questions, etc., 346;
- method of attaining their maximum usefulness, 347;
- relation of, to cities, 347-349;
- questions such as regulation of commerce, control of corporations, distribution of wealth, and prevention of poverty outside of field of activities of, 350;
- domination of railroads in, 352-353;
- interference of, with railroad, insurance, and other corporations, 353-355.
- Steffens, Lincoln, 163.
- Sterilization of criminals, 345.
- Strikes, 127-128, 392.
- Suffrage,
- Supreme Court,
T
- Taft, President, 135.
- Tammany Hall, 125, 151.
- Tariff,
- Tariff reform, 142-143.
- Taxation,
- Tax systems,
- state, chaotic condition of, 318.
- Technical schools,
- Tobacco manufacture,
- regulation of, by government, 379.
- Tolstoy,
- Trade schools, 391.
- Tradition,
- Trust funds,
- Trusts.
- See Corporations.
U
- Un-Americanism,
- the reforming spirit wrongly called, 49.
- Unification, of Germany by Bismarck, 247-249;
- wars which helped toward, were justifiable, 256.
- Unionism, labor.
- See Labor unions.
- United States Steel Corporation,
- lease of ore lands by, 114.
V
W
- Wage-earners,
- increasing standard of living for, 206;
- weakness of socialistic programme for, 210-211.
- See Labor unions.
- War of 1812 and its lessons, 53-55.
- Wars,
- Washington,
- foreign policy contained in Farewell Address of, 290.
- Wealth,
- Webster, Daniel, 52, 427;
- reason for failure of ideas of, 69-70;
- representative of behavior of public opinion as regarded slavery question during the Middle Period, 75-77.
- Wells, H.G., quoted, 4.
- Whigs,
- standards represented by, against Jacksonian or Western Democracy, 65-67;
- wherein they improved on the Federalists, 67;
- policy of internal improvements, 66;
- its failure, 67-68;
- failure regarding re-chartering of National Bank,68;
- and regarding policy of protection, 68;
- complete failure in fight against Federal executive, 68-69;
- reason for failures, 69-70;
- attitude of, toward slavery, 73-74.
- Workingmen,
- party composed of, in Germany, 251.
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